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Other Archaeological Sites / The Neolithic of the Levant (500 Page Book Online) Neolithic and Chalcolithic Wadi Rabah
Selected Excerpt on Wadi Rabah
The Neolithic of the Levant (1978)
Chapter 6: Neolithic 4 Wadi Rabah (Page 457)
Excerpts and Definitions and Addendums: Overview: Along with its variants Wadi Rabah is mainly known as a cultural phase found mainly near the coast of Israel in the Esdraelon Plain and in the Northern Jordan Valley. Other sites which include the Early Chalcolithic Rabah II Phase are Tel Batashi - Ein Jarba - and Munhatta ... Jacob Kaplan conducted excavations at Wadi Rabah in November 1952 on behalf of the Israel Exploration Society .....
Excavations at Wadi Rabah in the Israel Exploration Journal
The Wadi Rabah Culture - Twenty Years After (1972) This ancient site on the southern bank of the Wadi Rabah - one of the tributaries of the Yarkon River - is about 1 kilometre east of Tell Ras Ain near the present day Israeli city of Petah Tiqwa ... Two Chalcolithic levels and the mixed remains of two Neolithic phases contemporary with (1) Jericho IX (Pottery Neolithic A) and the (2) Yarkukian Culture were identified here ..... BackGround: The Yarmukian Culture flourished circa 5600/5500 - 5100/5000 BC in the so-called Pottery Neolithic Period ..... Moshe Stekelis dated the Yarmukian to be contemporary with the stages known as Jericho IX (Pottery Neolithic A) and the Neolithique Ancien of Byblos. See the online Journal Paleorient Article by Yosef Garfinkel ..... Jericho IX (Lodian Culture) is a relatively poorly defined Late Neolithic culture which may be contemporary with or a little later than the Yarmukian ..... Outtake: It would appear that several centuries elapsed between the end of Neolithic 2 about 6000 B.C. and the foundation of Neolithique Ancien Byblos. The settlement of Neolithique Ancien Byblos was [therefore] founded about 5600 or 5700 B.C. rather than at the beginning of Neolithic 3. It then appears to have been occupied throughout Neolithic 3 until the end of the 6th or early in the 5th millennium BC (SEE Neolithic 3 Byblos) ..... Concerning the Chalcolithic Period of Wadi Rabah: Stratum I was found to belong to the Ghassulian Phase (circa 3800–3350 BC) of the Middle Chalcolithic Period. Stratum II is significant in that its pottery is formally similar to that of Jericho VIII: carinated bowls - bowl rim jars - and pithoi (storage jars). But what distinguishes the Wadi Rabah pottery from that of Jericho VIII is the fact that it is for the most part burnished. Burnishing appears only on bowls at Jericho VIII - and there is no evidence of burnishing whatsoever at Tuleilat Ghassul - suggesting that the finds associated with Wadi Rabah Stratum II not only antedate the Ghassulian Culture of Palestine but also that associated with Jericho VIII. In all these three phases of the Chalcolithic -- Rabah II/Jericho VIII/Ghassulian -- the pottery shows uninterrupted development. Based on radiocarbon dates of the Wadi Rabah II stratum at Ein Jarba it appears that the earliest possible limits for this culture was 4000 BC ..... Some of the pottery of the three Chalcolithic phases is both similar and contemporaneous with Halafian ware ..... The wide geographical horizon of this culture is reinforced by surveys in Galilee where some sites demonstrate close affinities ..... It appears that after Wadi Rabah was abandoned sometime toward the end of the Chalcolithic Period that settlement resumed further west on virgin soil close to a spring - thus constituting the earliest settlement at Ras Ain .....
Main Textual Source: Articles by Jacob Kaplan in .....
The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land
The Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992) Using the In-Site Google Search I was able to isolate these outakes about Wadi Rabah ..... Wadi Rabah was first settled in Neolithic 3 but was also inhabited in Neolithic 4 and during the Chalcoithic ..... We can be fairly sure that the transition from the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic in Palestine took place about 3750 or 3500 B.C. but we do not know for certain when it began ..... There are a number of sites in Palestine with characteristic structures - flint assemblages and pottery which were occupied later than Neolithic 2 and before the Palestinian Chalcolithic - that is the culture typical of Ghassul and related sites. I placed all these sites in a single period which I called the Late Neolithic of Palestine. This period was divided into early and late stages called Phases 1 and 2 ..... Kaplan found Phase 1 material in his excavations at the site of Wadi Rabah. The diagnostic pottery consisted of some painted sherds and a knob handle resembling the material found at Jericho. Among the flints were several of the broad segmented sickle blades also typical of Phase 1 at Jericho. The principal phases of occupation at Wadi Rabah were in late Neolithic Phase 2 and the Chalcolithic but this (Kaplan) evidence indicates that the site was inhabited briefly in the preceding stage also ..... |
